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Slavic tales of how the world began

Slavic creation myths

A set of Slavic tales explaining how the world was created, preserved in chronicles and in Christianized folklore. Its most widespread version is the earth-diver myth, in which God and the Devil must cooperate to form the land.

The myth

According to the earth-diver myth, at first there was only water. God and the Devil, who have equal power, must work together: the Devil dives and brings up a handful of earth under his tongue, and as the world grows the sand bursts from his mouth. In another version, the Devil pushes God toward the sea from the four cardinal points, but the land keeps expanding. God blesses it by tracing a cross, and the Devil ends up thrown into the abyss by lightning.

Worship and religion

The Polabian Slavs worshipped Chernobog and Belobog, the black and white gods to whom this myth also fits, and in the Primary Chronicle the Ruthenians swear oaths by Perun and Veles, suggesting the weight of both.

Legacy

These tales survived in Christianized popular tradition. In South Slavic folklore, St Elijah, heir to Perun, is opposed to St Nicholas, heir to Veles. The Russian scholar Afanasyev, one of the first to study Russian folklore, recorded them in 1859.

Ancient sources: The Primary Chronicle of the Ruthenians, which mentions oaths sworn by Perun and Veles, and the Byzantine writer Procopius on the religion of the Slavs.

Trivia

A messenger bee. In one tale, God sends a bee to spy on the Devil. When the Devil tries to catch it and it escapes, he curses it, and God orders it to make honey from then on.
A shared motif. The Maidu of California describe an Earth Maker who stretches the land in the four directions, a motif similar to the cross blessing the earth.

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